Showing posts with label cardiac arrest. Show all posts
Showing posts with label cardiac arrest. Show all posts

Sunday, July 8, 2012

LEIGH'S SYNDROME: A Day in the Pediatric ED

 

It was an EMS notification of a 2 year old in cardiac arrest that stopped us in our tracks. The Pediatric ED was unusually quiet that morning when the EMS call came. Our hearts did a collective thump when we got the call.  

Some of the adult ED nurses rushed to the Peds ED to help. The rest of the ED staff called their families to check on their kids.  

The resuscitation room was crowded with personnel, four nurses, three doctors and a respiratory therapist. All trying to change destiny.

This poor boy should not die, too soon, too young, I thought. Did he choke on something; does he have a congenital disease? Kids are not supposed to come in cardiac arrest.  

From what I could see from my vantage point, he had thick hair and long-lashed eyes. His eyes were thankfully closed.A beautiful Indian baby face. The EMS had already intubated him at home, scooped him up from his crib, and brought him to our hospital.  

One of the nurses kept his rhythm as he maintained a one-hand compression on the child's sternum. The senior pediatric nurse's face was wet with unchecked tears. The pediatric attending's brow was creased in concentration as he managed the resuscitation efforts. Another nurse was checking the Braslow tape to guide with the medication doses.  

The cardiac monitor showed asystole. The orders came rushing: Epinephrine, continue CPR, Sodium bicarb, warmer, saline bolus, anything.  

"He has Leigh's syndrome.". The resident informed the team after he got this information from the mother. Everyone's shoulders sagged with the news.  

Leigh's syndrome is a rare neurological disorder that progresses rapidly in mental and psychomotor abilities, and eventually respiratory failure. It is a death sentence, just like some of the other congenital diseases that are brought to the PEDS ED every day.  

The triage nurse had escorted the mother to the next room while the doctors and nurses worked on her baby. There was nothing to do, but just sit with her as she closed her eyes in prayer. Her hands were on her mouth, as if she was trying not to break into hysterical tears; clinging to the hope that her son will survive.  

I relieved the triage nurse from her vigil with the mother. Her bleak eyes glistened as she looked hopefully for any information about her son. I could only say, "They're still taking care of your son."  

The mother's sari looked big on her; she must have just grabbed whatever she could. Her husband was just on his way in. The charge nurse gave instructions for the taxi driver-husband to just park at the ambulance ramp immediately.  

Her soft voice was tinged with worry. "He was just seen by the doctor two days ago, and he was doing well. He was sleeping two hours ago. Then when I looked at him, he was not breathing at all"... her voice trailed away as she stifled a sob.  

Even in the face of certain death, the PEDS staff would not give up., but all their efforts were unsuccessful. It seemed so much longer but it was just thirty minutes. At the end, the baby was pronounced dead.  

After the doctor broke the news to the parents, the mother rushed to her son's bed. From the room, we heard the plaintive keening of a grieving mother. The mother’s cries tore into our hearts, and even the paramedics were dabbing their eyes. The sound of sorrow stays with you for a long time.  

"This breaks my heart every time.", the seasoned pediatric nurse told me.

"I'm glad you're here so that I don't have to be here.", I said to her. I was being truthful. Pediatrics had always scared me.  

Emergency nurses are supposed to be the tough guys, but in my opinion, the nurses from Pediatrics, Oncology, and the Hospice are the toughest of them all.  

And in our ER, there was no time to dwell on that heart-wrenching scene. Just an hour later, a febrile baby came in and was worked up for sepsis. She lived.  

Just a few hours later, five kids were pulled out from their burning house. The fire started in the kitchen, but thankfully, all the kids (siblings and cousins) were fine, especially after an enterprising social worker brought in some lollipops. No smoke inhalation, no skin burns.  

The Pediatric ED staff does an incredible job every day, and as the nurse said, "It’s never easy to lose a child, even when it’s not our own.”  



Leigh's disease is a rare inherited neurometabolic disorder that affects the central nervous system. This progressive disorder begins in infants between the ages of three months and two years. Rarely, it occurs in teenagers and adults. Leigh's disease can be caused by mutations in mitochondrial DNA or by deficiencies of an enzyme called pyruvate dehydrogenase.  

Symptoms of Leigh's disease usually progress rapidly. The earliest signs may be poor sucking ability,and the loss of head control and motor skills.These symptoms may be accompanied by loss of appetite, vomiting, irritability, continuous crying, and seizures. As the disorder progresses, symptoms may also include generalized weakness, lack of muscle tone, and episodes of lactic acidosis, which can lead to impairment of respiratory and kidney function.


http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/leighsdisease/leighsdisease.htm

Saturday, November 20, 2010

Cooling


"I've got a pulse. He's back."

The EMS tech triumphantly declared as the crew rushed the patient to the Cardiac Room.

The patient was only 18 years old; much too young to die. “Oscar” just wanted to get some extra money for a date with his girlfriend of six months. But he fell off the ladder while at his construction work after a live electric cable rendered him unconscious and stopped his heart. His co-workers had confirmed that he fell onto a tent. There was no head injury but the electric shock caused his heart to go into ventricular fibrillation.

Bystander CPR and EMS CPR gave the patient the chance he needed. Upon arrival to our ER, his heart started beating again, but he remained unconscious. His endotracheal tube and the ventilator ensured that his lungs are relieved of the work of breathing.

The question on our minds: have we saved his life but left him brain-damaged? All those free radicals in his brain needed to stop wrecking havoc on his neurons. We needed to inhibit those excitable neurotransmitters and stop further cell death. As per the latest recommendation, we should cool the brain to reduce oxygen consumption, to give his brain a chance to heal.

Induced hypothermia is an evidence based practice that was fully endorsed by the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation: Unconscious adult patients with spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32°C to 34°C for 12 to 24 hours when the initial rhythm was ventricular fibrillation (VF). “Cool them” is the mandate.

He was only 18 years old, and we would not let him die. Our hospital was considered the most prolific in New York City; we were gungho about cooling. And since Oscar met all the criteria, we cooled him to give his brain a fighting chance to normalcy, so that he can go to as many dates as he can.

Iced fluids ran through his veins, and the cooling blanket was wrapped around him burrito-style. Target temperature is 34 degrees centigrade. As the nurses monitored his esophageal temperature, they checked his shivering and sedation status. Fentanyl kept him deeply sedated, and there was no sign of microshivering: he was a Zero on the Bedside Shivering Assessment scale. He was to be maintained on hypothermia for 24 hours before he can be rewarmed; that is, if he did not succumb to his injuries, or if we could still save his brain. We prayed that he would not end up to be a “vegetable”.

Oscar was sent to the ICU, still cold at 34. His parents and girlfriend followed him, afraid of the journey ahead; their questions unanswered, his life uncertain. At that point, they were just grateful that his heart was beating again.

A week later, Oscar walked out of the hospital, hand in hand with his girlfriend. Neuro check: alert and oriented x 3. Even if he could just afford fast food for a date for now, he now has a lifetime to plan for more dates.